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The Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) was the main United Kingdom research and development organization for radio navigation, radar, infra-red detection for heat seeking missiles, and related work for the Royal Air Force (RAF) during World War II and the years that followed. The name was changed to Radar Research Establishment in 1953. This article covers the precursor organizations and the Telecommunications Research Establishment up to the time of the name change. The later work at the site is described in the separate article about RRE. ==History== Particularly because of its later change of name to Royal Radar Establishment, TRE is best known for work on defensive and offensive radar. TRE also made substantial contributions to radio-navigation and to jamming enemy radio-navigation. Radar dominates the history. The development of radar in the United Kingdom was started by Sir Henry Tizard's Committee for the Scientific Survey of Air Defence in 1935. Experimental work was begun at Orfordness near Ipswich. The research group moved to the nearby Bawdsey Research Station (BRS) in 1936. It moved from there to the University College at Dundee in 1939 as the Air Ministry Research Establishment (AMRE). Then, in May 1940, it moved to Worth Matravers as the Ministry of Aircraft Production Research Establishment (MAPRE). It was established as the central research group for RAF applications of radar. The name was changed to the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) in November 1940. The site was four miles west of Swanage, south-west of Poole. In parallel with these technical developments, the Ministry of Home Security developed a plan, early in 1939, "to evacuate the critical functions of government out of London" if a threat of air raids developed. A site was purchased in Malvern for the Ministry itself. Although it was not developed, the location had become well known to defence officials.〔(''Former DERA site, Great Malvern. Cotswold Archaeology )〕 The Air Ministry acquired jurisdiction, and used the site for a Signals Training Establishment, housed in prefabricated one storey buildings. In May, 1942, the Radar Research and Development Establishment (RRDE) was set up on the site, to develop truck mounted early warning radars. In May 1942, the Telecommunications Research Establishment also moved to Malvern, taking up residence in the buildings of Malvern College, an independent boys' boarding school. The move which was carried out in great urgency, is described in detail by Reginald Jones in his book ''Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence 1939-1945''. In the second week of February, 1942, the German battleships ''Scharnhorst'' and ''Gneisenau'' escaped from Brest in the Channel Dash, undetected until they were well into the English Channel, because German ground forces had gradually increased the jamming of British radar over a period of weeks. The British command had not realized this was happening. In the aftermath, Lord Mountbatten and Winston Churchill approved plans for a raid on the German radar station at Bruneval, near Le Havre. The landing party included D. H. Priest, of TRE. The Bruneval raid (also called the Biting raid) captured a German Wurzburg radar system and a radar operator. These were taken to TRE. During the weeks that followed, the British authorities became concerned that the Germans would retaliate in kind. When intelligence reported the arrival of a German paratroop battalion across the Channel, the staff of TRE pulled out of the Swanage site in a period of hours. At the end of the war TRE moved from Malvern College, to HMS ''Duke'', a Royal Navy training school, about a mile away in St. Andrews Road adjacent to the area of Barnards Green. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Telecommunications Research Establishment」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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